Malware
Malicious software designed to damage, disrupt, or gain unauthorized access to computer systems, including viruses, trojans, ransomware, spyware, and worms.
Malware is an umbrella term for any software intentionally designed to cause harm. Categories include viruses (self-replicating programs), trojans (disguised as legitimate software), ransomware (encrypts files for ransom), spyware (monitors user activity), worms (self-propagating across networks), and rootkits (hide deep in the operating system).
Malware is distributed through phishing emails, malicious downloads, compromised websites, infected USB drives, and software vulnerabilities. Once installed, malware can steal credentials, encrypt files, establish backdoors, or enlist the device in a botnet.
Defenses include keeping software updated, using anti-malware tools, avoiding suspicious downloads, and following least-privilege principles. A password manager adds protection by reducing the credentials stored in browsers (a common malware target) and alerting users to compromised passwords.
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